Liposuction

Liposuction can help you get rid of unwanted fat deposits in problem areas

Each individual’s body is unique, with varying characteristics and problem areas, such as the arms, thighs, abdomen, knees, or hips. There are instances when, despite a strict diet and consistent exercise regimen, stubborn fat deposits refuse to budge. Fortunately, procedures like liposuction or liposculpture make it possible to reshape even the most unyielding areas, enabling you to achieve a more balanced and aesthetically pleasing silhouette.

Centre for Surgery is a specialist clinic dedicated to plastic surgery, with a team of skilled surgeons with more than two decades of experience in performing liposuction in London. This particular procedure has garnered significant popularity among the services offered by our clinic. By providing the option to target any desired body part, liposuction empowers you with the ability to refine your figure according to your individual preferences and needs.

RELATED: Liposuction FAQs – Q&As about Liposuction Surgery

Browse our liposuction photo gallery to see the results achieved by our surgeons at Centre for Surgery. The before and afters below offer a sampling of the patient photos we have on file. When you come in to see us for a consultation, a wide variety will be made available to you.

SEE ALSO: Liposuction Before And After Photos

Stomach Liposuction:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RELATED: Stomach Liposuction (Tummy Lipo)

Back Liposuction:

 

RELATED: Back Liposuction – How To Get Rid Of Back Fat

Thigh Liposuction:

RELATED: Thigh Liposuction – How To Get Rid Of Thigh Fat

Liposuction is a highly sought-after plastic surgery procedure performed across the UK. Some of the notable benefits associated with this treatment include:

1. Elimination of undesired fat deposits from various body areas: Liposuction targets specific regions, effectively removing stubborn fat that may not respond to diet and exercise alone.
2. Enhanced body contouring: This procedure sculpts and reshapes the body, resulting in a more aesthetically pleasing and proportionate silhouette.
3. Versatility in improving multiple body areas: Liposuction can be applied to a wide range of body parts, such as:a. Submental or Neck Liposuction: This technique is used to reduce excess fat under the chin, providing a more defined jawline and improved facial profile.b. Tummy Lipo: This approach focuses on contouring the abdomen and stomach areas, as well as reducing the presence of love handles, for a sleeker, more toned appearance.c. Arm Liposuction: For individuals struggling with fatty arms, this procedure can help create a slimmer and more toned upper body.d. Thigh Liposuction: This method reduces excess fat in the legs, resulting in a more balanced and streamlined appearance.

Liposuction is a widely performed cosmetic procedure in the UK, yet many misconceptions persist regarding its effectiveness and outcomes. Here, we will dispel five prevalent myths about liposuction.

Liposuction is a weight-loss program

Liposuction is designed to address disproportionate fat deposits in specific areas, not to serve as a weight-loss solution. A combination of diet and exercise constitutes an effective weight-loss program. Liposuction has limitations regarding the volume of fat that can be removed and should be employed to correct disproportionate contours, not to achieve general weight loss.

Fat will return after liposuction

The number of fat cells in the body stabilizes at the end of puberty. Once fat cells are removed through liposuction, they do not regenerate. The procedure offers permanent fat cell removal, improving the contour of the targeted area.

Fat will redistribute to another area

Liposuction eliminates fat from specific regions, reducing the body’s overall fat cell count. If a patient consumes excessive calories after the procedure, the body will store the excess in areas with remaining fat cells instead of the treated region. This can create the illusion that fat has “moved,” but the body is simply storing calories in available fat cells.

Liposuction results are maintenance-free

Although liposuction improves body contours, it does not grant immunity from future weight gain. If a patient consumes excessive calories, they may gain weight in both treated and untreated areas.

Everyone can achieve optimal results with liposuction

Not all patients are ideal candidates for liposuction, and some may require alternative procedures to achieve their desired outcomes. A skilled surgeon’s professional opinion can guide patients in determining whether liposuction is the most suitable choice or if other procedures, such as thigh lifts or abdominoplasties, are more appropriate.

1. Excessive fat removal – When performing liposuction, it is crucial to strike the right balance in fat removal. Similar to a partially inflated balloon, if too much fat is extracted from the skin, it may lose its shape and structure, leading to skin collapse, ripples, corrugations, dips, and divots. Determining the appropriate amount of fat to remove is a technical assessment that requires a surgeon’s expertise. Over-removal of fat may result in an unsatisfactory outcome and necessitate further revisional surgery.

To avoid this issue, ensure that you consult with a qualified and experienced plastic surgeon at Centre for Surgery who can accurately assess the amount of fat to remove while maintaining a natural and aesthetically pleasing outcome.

2. Insufficient fat removal – Patients sometimes believe that a surgeon can remove all of the fat from a specific area. However, a responsible surgeon will determine the maximum amount of fat that can be safely removed without compromising the final result. It is essential for patients to have realistic expectations regarding liposuction outcomes.

To manage expectations, engage in open and honest communication with your surgeon during preoperative consultations, discussing your goals and the potential results of the procedure.

3. Post-liposuction asymmetry – Achieving a symmetrical result is an important aspect of liposuction. Asymmetry may arise from technical issues or pre-existing differences between the left and right sides of the body. Surgeons must remain vigilant throughout the procedure, monitoring the time spent on each area, the volume of fat removed, and the skin thickness to ensure symmetrical results.

If there are pre-existing differences between the left and right sides of the body, discuss this with your surgeon during the consultation. They may attempt to correct these differences during the procedure by removing varying amounts of fat from each side, but complete correction may not always be possible.

4. Undergoing surgery abroad – While travelling abroad for surgery may offer lower costs, it can also result in substandard care and outcomes. The entire surgical process, including consultation, assessment, and follow-up care, is essential for a successful outcome. Travelling abroad for surgery often compromises this process, increasing the risk of complications.

To avoid these risks, consider having your procedure performed in the UK by a specialist plastic surgeon who can provide the necessary preoperative and postoperative care. While the initial cost may be higher, it can save you from potentially expensive corrections and complications down the line.

5. Misconceptions about liposuction as a quick procedure – Liposuction is a surgical procedure that requires downtime for recovery. The notion that it is a “lunchtime treatment” is a misconception. Depending on the extent of liposuction, the number of treated areas, and the patient’s overall health, recovery may require several days to a week off work.

To ensure a smooth recovery, follow your surgeon’s postoperative care instructions, plan for adequate time off work, and allow your body the necessary time to heal.

Your consultation journey begins with a personalised, one-on-one meeting with a surgeon at our Baker Street clinic. The surgeon will discuss your medical history and goals for the procedure before conducting a comprehensive examination to determine if you are a suitable candidate for surgery.

During the consultation, the surgeon will evaluate factors such as your skin tone (elasticity), presence of cellulite or stretch marks, distribution of fat deposits, and take pre-operative photographs as part of routine documentation. The surgeon will then engage in a detailed discussion with you to explain the specific liposuction techniques that will be employed to achieve your desired outcomes.

Throughout the consultation, your surgeon will carefully address your areas of concern and consider factors that may influence a positive liposuction outcome. It is crucial to maintain realistic expectations regarding the results of your surgery.

During your consultation, your surgeon will:

1. Review the potential procedures with you.
2. Discuss all potential risks associated with liposuction surgery.
3. Outline in detail how the surgery is performed.
4. Provide a comprehensive explanation of what to expect before, during, and after the procedure.
5. Offer detailed information on costs and payment options.
6. Answer any questions or concerns you may have.

Am I suitable?

You will be a suitable candidate for liposuction if you have fatty deposits that you have been unable to reduce even with physical exercise and diets. Liposculpture is able to be performed in areas of the body such as the chin, saddlebags, bra roll, mons pubis, thighs, arms, buttocks, abdomen and calves.

The skin should ideally be firm and elastic. This will minimise the occurrence of sagging, loose tissue after the procedure. Instead, an abdominoplasty is recommended for those with skin laxity.

Candidates will need to:

• Be physically and mentally healthy
• Not be considered obese
• Be at a stable weight for a minimum of three months before the liposuction treatment. It is best to try and lose as much weight as possible before the liposuction.
• Have elasticity in the skin, as the skin will need to shrink after the procedure.

Who is not a good patient for liposuction?

Patients who are:

• Obese
• Heavy smokers
• Have a lot of loose skin – no liposuction causes skin tightening 
• Have cellulite – liposuction can often worsen the appearance of cellulite. If you are interested in cellulite reduction, our surgeons perform the CelluTite procedure.

RELATED: Liposuction risks and how to avoid them

Liposuction is not a suitable treatment for obesity. There is no substitute for diet and exercise, but once the weight loss is complete, liposuction can be of significant benefit. If you are considered to be a suitable candidate, you may wish to look at what finance options we have available for this procedure.

Liposuction for body contouring has undergone many refinements over the last 30 years. Patients now have access to various liposuction techniques and technologies to achieve aesthetically pleasing results. Your surgeon will determine the most appropriate method for you based on a full clinical assessment. Having said that, Centre for Surgery has developed a rigorous set of protocols utilising only the most effective techniques, as explained below:

Tumescent liposuction

The basic foundation of liposuction, whether performed under local anaesthetic or general anaesthetic, is the injection of a solution of sterile saline containing local anaesthetic and adrenaline prior to the actual liposuction procedure. This solution is referred to as tumescent local anaesthesia or TLA and causes the fat tissue to become swollen or firm in character. The fat cells enlarge with this solution, and blood loss is minimised thanks to the added adrenaline. The subsequent use of specialised suction cannulas to gently remove the fat is greatly facilitated and made easier by tumescent anaesthesia. Tumescent anaesthesia is common to all forms of liposuction:

• Ultrasound-assisted
• Laser-assisted
• Power-assisted

Ultrasound-assisted liposuction (UAL)

Ultrasound-assisted liposuction or VASER lipo uses a cannula which emits ultrasonic waves at a very high frequency which permits disruption of the fat cells. With fat cell disruption, the fat takes on a more liquified character, facilitating an easier extraction.

Laser-assisted liposuction (LAL)

Laser liposuction or laser lipolysis uses a very fine optical fibre that emits laser energy of a specific wavelength – most commonly 1064nm, 1320nm or 1470nm. Like Vaser, the laser energy disrupts fat cells leading to their breakdown, which enables an easier extraction of fat.

The disadvantages of Vaser lipo

While Vaser techniques have gained in popularity over the last ten years, this is mostly down to the effective marketing methods employed by the manufacturers of these devices in targeting doctors. Both methods involve generating a significant amount of thermal energy, and therefore, there is a substantial risk of burns to the skin or soft tissue. Both methods also claim to tighten the skin while also removing fat simultaneously. The scientific evidence built up over the last ten years does not support this claim. By causing liquefaction of the fat cells, the fat becomes useless for fat grafting applications, whether to the breasts or buttocks, because the fat cells have burst to leave an oily residue behind.

Power-assisted liposuction (PAL)

Power-assisted liposuction or PAL, involves the use of a vibrating cannula to separate the fat cells, which enables a more efficient extraction. PAL also better respects the soft tissue framework than UAL or Vaser leading to smoother results.

A useful analogy is like plucking intact whole grapes off the grapevine whilst preserving the structural integrity of the grapevine itself – PAL is inherently a much more gentle process.

With UAL and Vaser, the grapes have burst, and the grapevine would be damaged. Both effects are due to the thermal effects of UAL and Vaser technologies.

In power-assisted liposuction, a vibrating cannula handpiece moves at 5000rpm to separate and aspirate fat cells as the cannula is gently moved back and forth. PAL is a quicker technique compared with UAL and Vaser, and unlike ultrasound and laser can be used for all three applications below:

• Large volume liposuction
• Revision liposuction
• Fat grafting applications – breast and buttock contouring

The more gentle action of PAL means less force is used by the surgeon, which means less bruising and swelling, leading to a quicker and more comfortable recovery.

At Centre for Surgery, power-assisted liposuction is a minimally invasive procedure for body contouring that is undoubtedly the current gold standard for performing liposuction in the view of all our surgeons.

Properly performed liposuction is a one-time and done procedure that allows for higher volumes of fat cells to be removed as well as simultaneous contouring of the body.

SAFElipo™ is performed as outpatient surgery, so you will be able to return home the same day as your liposuction procedure once the effects of the anaesthetic have worn off.

SEE ALSO: What is the most effective type of liposuction?

PAL improves upon traditional liposuction in every respect:

• Improved surgeon precision for body sculpting and contouring
• PAL is not heat-based, so patient burns are not a concern
• Shorter recovery time
• Less bruising, swelling and trauma
• Increased patient comfort and improved safety
• Greater cell viability for autologous fat grafting and reinjection

Using the power-assisted liposculpture (or PAL) method, which involves using specially designed precision cannulas, body proportions and contours are improved. PAL Liposuction is a minimally invasive procedure that leaves small scars and has a shorter operating time compared to traditional liposuction with minimal bruising and swelling.

RELATED: What is Power-Assisted Liposuction (PAL)?

The SAFElipo method of liposuction used at Centre for Surgery is used for one of our most commonly performed procedures, the Brazilian Butt Lift or BBL. The BBL procedure utilises the two highly effective techniques of SAFElipo and EVL (expansion vibration lipofilling) in combination. Read more about BBL.

RELATED: Brazilian Butt Lift London

Liposuction is an incredibly versatile cosmetic procedure, capable of targeting persistent fat pockets throughout the body. Our surgeons employ various techniques and catheter sizes to address specific regions. The following areas can be treated with liposuction to help reshape your body:

1. Tummy: The stomach is the most common area for liposuction treatment. The procedure eliminates stubborn lower abdominal fat and the “mummy pooch” unresponsive to exercise, potentially resulting in a flat and smooth stomach.
2. Groin: Excess fat in the pubic area, often referred to as Fat Upper Pubic Area (FUPA), can be effectively removed through liposuction.
3. Hips: Liposuction can reduce the volume of persistent hip fat pockets, correcting unwanted excessive curvature.
4. Lower back: For patients with a large midsection, liposuction can effectively tone the lower back area, eliminating persistent fat deposits.
5. Upper back: Liposuction can also target excess upper back fat resistant to exercise, smoothing and contouring the area.
6. Thighs: Thigh liposuction can slim down this common problem area, which tends to store fat in various body types.
7. Buttocks: Liposuction can contour the buttocks, creating a smoother appearance while maintaining a desirable shape.
8. Legs: For individuals with large calves due to excess fat, leg liposuction can help slim down the area.
9. Arms: Arm liposuction can address excess fat around the biceps, creating a more proportionate upper body appearance.
10. Chin: Liposuction of the neck and chin can address issues such as double or triple chins and redefine the jawline.
11. Breasts: In some cases, breast liposuction can serve as an alternative to surgical breast reduction, contouring and reducing breast size.
12. Face: Facial liposuction can remove fat cells, contour cheeks, and enhance cheekbones for those with a chubby face or fatty cheeks.

As soon as you are booked in for your liposuction procedure, it is important that you commence preparation for your procedure. This ensures you will experience a smooth recovery and also makes sure you achieve the best possible results. If you have any questions about optimum preparation, you should call our patient advisor team at Centre for Surgery who will be happy to answer any questions you may have.

SEE ALSO: How to prepare for liposuction

At Centre for Surgery, liposuction is performed as a day case procedure. You need a responsible adult to escort you home because of the effects of the anaesthesia. You will need to collect your prescription for antibiotics and pain medications before the day of the procedure. The follow-up appointments will be scheduled with the nursing team and your surgeon on the day of your procedure. It is crucial to attend all your postoperative appointments to ensure you are healing correctly. It is useful to have someone on hand for the first few days after your procedure to help you with everyday small tasks.

The liposuction procedure at our state-of-the-art, fully accredited surgical facility begins with the administration of a general anaesthetic by your anaesthetist. The duration of the operation typically ranges from 1 to 3 hours, depending on the number of areas being treated. Most patients can return home on the same day of the surgery, with no need for drains. Small incisions are covered with dressings, and a compression garment is provided for added support.

Before the procedure, your surgeon will outline the areas targeted for fat removal. During the surgery, tiny incisions are discreetly placed within natural body folds, through which a specialised fluid known as ‘Tumescent Solution’ is introduced into the fatty tissue. This solution facilitates the extraction of fat cells and contains adrenaline to minimize postoperative bruising. It also includes a local anaesthetic, which numbs the treated area for enhanced postoperative comfort. Fat is suctioned out through the small incisions until the desired body contour is achieved.

Numerous liposuction techniques are available, often distinguished by their brand names, which can lead to confusion for patients considering the procedure. The main difference among these techniques lies in the energy source utilized to extract the fat. Your surgeon will explain the advantages of each method and select the most appropriate technique to fulfill your specific fat reduction and body contouring objectives.

Liposuction has been performed with an impressive safety record for over 30 years and is considered by plastic surgeons to be a very safe procedure when performed correctly. All procedures at Centre for Surgery are performed by qualified and experienced plastic surgeons to get the best possible results. Although complications with liposuction are generally rare, they can still occur. Your surgeon will discuss with you in detail at your face-to-face consultation all the potential risks and complications associated with the liposuction procedure.

RELATED: Liposuction risks and how to avoid them

Potential risks of liposuction

Liposuction is a surgical procedure, and like any surgery, it carries certain risks and potential complications. While liposuction is generally considered safe when performed by a qualified and experienced surgeon, it is important to be aware of the possible risks. Some of the potential risks associated with liposuction include:

1. Infection: Although rare, infections can occur after liposuction. The risk can be minimized by following proper postoperative care instructions provided by your surgeon.
2. Bleeding: There may be some bleeding during and after the procedure, which is usually minimal. However, excessive bleeding may lead to complications such as haematoma formation (a collection of blood outside the blood vessels).
3. Anaesthesia complications: As with any procedure involving anaesthesia, there is a risk of complications related to the anaesthesia itself. These complications may include allergic reactions, breathing difficulties, or, in very rare cases, death.
4. Irregular contours or asymmetry: Uneven fat removal or poor skin elasticity can result in irregular or uneven contours, dimpling, or asymmetry in the treated areas. In some cases, additional corrective procedures may be required.
5. Skin discolouration or changes in skin sensation: Temporary skin discolouration or changes in skin sensation, such as numbness, may occur following liposuction. These changes usually resolve over time, but in some cases, they may be permanent.
6. Damage to surrounding structures: There is a risk of damage to surrounding structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, and muscles, during the liposuction procedure. This may result in temporary or permanent complications, depending on the severity of the damage.
7. Fluid accumulation: In some cases, fluid may accumulate in the treated areas (seromas), which may require drainage.
8. Fat embolism: Although extremely rare, there is a risk of fat particles entering the bloodstream and causing a fat embolism. This can be a life-threatening complication.
9. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE): Prolonged immobility after surgery increases the risk of blood clots forming in the legs, which can potentially lead to DVT and PE, both serious and potentially life-threatening complications.
10. Poor wound healing: Some patients may experience slow or poor wound healing, which can lead to scarring or other complications.

It is essential to discuss these risks and any concerns you may have with your surgeon during your consultation. By carefully selecting an experienced and qualified surgeon and following their preoperative and postoperative instructions, you can help minimise the risks associated with liposuction.

The incisions with liposuction are very small in size – often just a few mm. It is still important to take care of your incision areas to optimise scar appearance. A key point is to avoid traumatising the incision sites and leave them well alone as well as keeping the dressings on for the recommended duration of time. Steristrips may have been used to cover the incisions. Steristrips should be allowed to fall off on their own. The nursing team may remove them at your follow-up appointment. Avoid wearing tight-fitting clothing which may catch on the incisions. The vast majority of incisions will heal well in about 2 weeks with compliance with the postoperative instructions. Once the incisions have healed, your surgeon may be able to advise you on optimum scar appearance methods. Silicone gels and medical-grade brown tape are often used to improve scar cosmesis. It is also important to avoid or minimise sun exposure to improve scar healing.

Wearing a liposuction compression garment is crucial to getting the best outcomes after liposuction. The purpose of a compression garment is to provide extrinsic and balanced pressure over the liposuction treatment areas. The compression garments come in a variety of designs and styles.

Benefits of liposuction compression garments

• Reduce bruising over the treated areas
• Reduce swelling
• Improve blood flow and vascularity which aids healing
• Facilitating proper skin retraction and reducing the risk of skin laxity
• Contouring of the treated areas

Compression garments must be worn continuously for a period of time after any liposuction procedure. The recommended duration of application depends on the areas that are treated as well as the volume of liposuction performed. Bigger volumes extracted require longer periods of wear to achieve optimal results.

RELATED: How to choose the best compression garment for liposuction

For patients to get the best results, the compression garment should have a firm fit but not too tight as an overly tight-fitting can restrict body movement or even cause localised pressure sores or breathing difficulty in some cases. The post-liposuction swelling is due to excess tissue water collecting in the cavities created by liposuction. Swelling does gradually resolve and in some cases, the patient may need to switch to a smaller garment for the best fit.

Improperly fitting garments can prolong swelling and lengthen the recovery process. Excessive pressure can also disrupt the normal lymphatic drainage pathways in the body leading to prolonged inflammatory changes in the liposuction treatment areas. Be sure to notify your plastic surgeon if you feel your liposuction compression garment does not feel like it fits correctly.

There are several factors that will determine the overall cost of your liposuction procedure, and the final quotation will be given after your face-to-face consultation with your specialist plastic surgeon.

Yes, liposuction can be effectively combined with various surgical lift procedures to tighten the skin in the treated area following fat removal.

For numerous patients, liposuction alone suffices in achieving their desired body contouring goals. In most cases, the skin naturally contracts and tightens once the fat is extracted. However, some individuals may experience lingering excess or sagging skin after liposuction. Factors such as skin type, age, fat volume, and individual healing capacity contribute to this outcome.

Several procedures are commonly combined with liposuction, including:

1. Tummy tuck (abdominoplasty): Combining a tummy tuck with liposuction is ideal for those seeking a flat, firm abdomen.
2. Breast lift: For optimal results, breast liposuction can be combined with a breast lift.
3. Back lift: A back lift can be a valuable addition for patients undergoing back or 360-degree liposuction.
4. Arm lift: “Bat-wings,” or sagging, fatty arms, are a prevalent issue among older individuals. Pairing arm liposuction with an arm lift effectively addresses this concern.
5. Thigh lift: Sagging or stretched skin on the thighs may worsen after thigh liposuction. In such instances, a thigh lift is recommended alongside liposuction.
6. Facelift: For patients undergoing facial liposuction to contour the cheeks and jawline, a facelift can be an excellent supplementary procedure to tighten the entire face.
7. Neck lift: Enhance the results of liposuction for double chins and full necks by pairing it with a neck lift, which provides improved definition and contouring.

During your initial consultation, your surgeon will help you determine the most suitable combination of procedures tailored to your unique aesthetic objectives.

Can fat be used from liposuction to add volume to other areas of my body?

For patients who are considering volume enhancement such as breast fat transfer or buttock fat transfer, then your surgeon will often recommend combining liposuction with fat transfer for optimum results. Liposuction would then be used to harvest the appropriate quantity of fat that would be processed before re-injecting into the breasts or buttocks to enhance volume.

RELATED: What are the different types of fat transfer surgery?

Centre for Surgery is a leading cosmetic and plastic surgery clinic based in London, UK. There are several reasons why someone may choose to undergo liposuction at Centre for Surgery, including:

1. Highly qualified and experienced surgeons: All of the surgeons at Centre for Surgery are GMC-certified and have extensive experience in performing liposuction surgery. They use the latest techniques and technologies to achieve the best possible results for their patients.
2. State-of-the-art facilities: Centre for Surgery is equipped with state-of-the-art facilities and technology, including fully accredited surgical facilities, to ensure the highest standards of safety and quality for patients.
3. Patient-centred approach: At Centre for Surgery, the patient’s needs and goals are always the top priority. The team of experts takes the time to listen to each patient’s concerns and work with them to develop a customised treatment plan that meets their unique needs and expectations.
4. Comprehensive aftercare: Centre for Surgery provides comprehensive aftercare for all of its patients, including follow-up appointments and ongoing support to ensure the best possible outcome and recovery.
5. Excellent patient reviews: Centre for Surgery has an excellent reputation and has received numerous positive reviews from satisfied patients who have undergone liposuction and other cosmetic procedures at the clinic.

Centre for Surgery works with some of the most renowned plastic surgeons in the United Kingdom. All our surgeons have years of experience in all types of liposuction.

Our surgeons are full members of:

RealSelf Top Doctors

RealSelf’s top doctor status is awarded to less than 10% of the RealSelf doctor community.  This status is earned by achieving consistently high patient satisfaction (from RealSelf reviews), getting excellent feedback on expert answers to patient questions, and investing significant time in Q&A and other doctor activities.

Additionally, Centre for Surgery offers a range of liposuction techniques, including traditional liposuction, VASER liposuction, and BodyTite liposuction, to meet each patient’s individual needs and goals. This variety of techniques allows the surgeons to customise the procedure to each patient’s unique anatomy and desired outcome.