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Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Understanding the Risks and Symptoms of this Rare Cancer
For decades, breast implants have been a popular cosmetic procedure among women who wish to enhance the appearance of their breasts. While breast implants are generally regarded as safe, recent research has identified a rare but serious cancer that is associated with textured implants: Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL).
Unlike Breast Implant Illness (BII), which is a collection of symptoms reported by some women with breast implants, BIA-ALCL is a rare type of cancer that affects a small number of women with textured implants. The FDA in the USA has extensively researched the safety of breast implants over the years, and BIA-ALCL is a very rare complication.
RELATED: 3 breast implant safety considerations to know about
It is crucial to be aware of the symptoms and signs associated with BIA-ALCL, so that prompt diagnosis and treatment can be sought. Symptoms of BIA-ALCL can include breast swelling, pain, lumps, or asymmetry, as well as fever and night sweats. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to see us immediately.
The good news is that early diagnosis and swift surgical treatment of BIA-ALCL can result in very positive outcomes. Treatment typically involves the removal of the implants and surrounding capsule en-bloc, which means removing the entire capsule with the implant. This has been shown to provide excellent outcomes, with many patients making a full recovery.
READ THE LATEST UK GOVERNMENT GUIDANCE ON BIA-ALCL HERE
BIA-ALCL: Understanding this Rare Type of Cancer Associated with Breast Implants
Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare type of cancer that can develop in women with certain types of breast implants. Unlike breast cancer, which develops in the breast tissue, BIA-ALCL arises from immune cells in the breast, and is therefore classified as a type of T-cell lymphoma.
BIA-ALCL is typically detected when cancer cells are found in the fluid (effusion) that accumulates around the implant, or in the surrounding scar tissue (capsule). Although BIA-ALCL is usually not aggressive and grows slowly, it can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated.
Understanding the Risk Factors for BIA-ALCL
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a relatively recent medical discovery, and as a result, doctors are still working to understand its underlying causes and development process. The British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (BAAPS) has identified several factors that may contribute to an increased risk of developing breast implant-associated cancer:
- The Connection between Textured Implants and BIA-ALCL: Among the known risk factors, textured implants stand out as the most prominent. A majority of reported BIA-ALCL cases involve women with textured breast implants, particularly those manufactured by Allergan. Smooth breast implants, conversely, have not been directly associated with breast implant lymphoma. Medical experts speculate that the chronic inflammation triggered by the rough, sandpaper-like exterior of textured implants could be a contributing factor in lymphoma formation.
- The Role of Bacterial Contamination in BIA-ALCL: During surgical procedures, breast implants may occasionally become contaminated with harmful bacteria. This contamination can lead to inflammation, which is believed to elevate the risk of developing BIA-ALCL.
- The Impact of Time Since Surgery on BIA-ALCL Occurrence: BIA-ALCL typically manifests within 7 to 10 years following implantation, indicating that the passage of time since surgery may be an influential factor in its development.
- The Potential Involvement of Genetic Predisposition in BIA-ALCL: Researchers have also identified possible links between genetic predisposition and BIA-ALCL. Specifically, mutations in the JAK1 and STAT3 genes may play a role in the development of this rare form of cancer.
As the medical community continues to research and investigate BIA-ALCL, it is crucial for individuals considering breast implants to be aware of these risk factors and discuss them with their healthcare providers in order to make well-informed decisions.
Recognising the Symptoms and Signs of BIA-ALCL: What to Watch For
Awareness of the symptoms associated with breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is crucial for early detection and prompt intervention. If you notice any of the following signs, it is essential to consult your plastic surgeon immediately to ensure your well-being.
- Asymmetry Between Breasts – If you notice a sudden or significant difference in the appearance of your breasts, this asymmetry could be a warning sign of BIA-ALCL.
- Swelling or Lumps in the Armpit Area – Swollen or enlarged lymph nodes in the armpit area may also signal the presence of BIA-ALCL.
- Swelling in the Breast – One of the primary indicators of BIA-ALCL is breast swelling, which may develop gradually or suddenly.
- Fluid Buildup and Seroma Formation – Fluid accumulation beneath the skin, known as seroma, can be another symptom of BIA-ALCL. This condition can cause discomfort and may require further examination.
- Changes in Breast Shape or Size – Any alterations in the shape or size of your breast should be discussed with your surgeon, as this could be an early sign of BIA-ALCL.
- Experiencing Breast Pain – A painful breast can be a warning sign of BIA-ALCL and should not be ignored.
- Detecting Breast Lumps – If you feel a lump in your breast, it is essential to consult your plastic surgeon as this could be a sign of BIA-ALCL.
- Redness and Inflammation – Unexplained redness or inflammation around the breast area may also indicate the presence of BIA-ALCL.
RELATED: Breast Implant Check
Prioritising Early Detection and Consultation
It is crucial not to delay seeking medical attention if you experience any of these symptoms. An early diagnosis of breast implant-associated lymphoma can greatly improve the chances of successful treatment and recovery. Always prioritize your health and promptly consult your plastic surgeon if you have any concerns related to your breast implants.
Methods for Diagnosing BIA-ALCL
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare but serious cancer that can develop in individuals with breast implants. Early diagnosis is critical for effective treatment. Plastic surgeons use various methods to diagnose BIA-ALCL, including:
- Patient Examination – Your plastic surgeon will conduct a physical examination of your breasts and armpits, asking you about any symptoms you may have noticed, such as swelling, pain, or changes in breast shape or texture. They will also inquire about the type of breast implant you have and when it was implanted.
- Ultrasound Imaging – Also known as echography, ultrasound imaging is a non-invasive, safe technique that uses sound waves to create an image of the breast tissue. It can detect any fluid, masses, or lymph nodes near your implants.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) – Scanning MRI is an advanced imaging technique that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of the inside of your body. It can detect any tissue abnormalities in your breasts, including BIA-ALCL.
- Needle Biopsy – If ultrasound or MRI scanning reveals something suspicious near your breast implant, your surgeon may perform a needle biopsy. They will use a needle to aspirate the fluid or take a small tissue sample for testing in a laboratory.
CD30 Testing – CD30 is a protein receptor found on activated T-cell lymphocytes. If your surgeon performs a biopsy, they may test the fluid or tissue sample for the presence of CD30. A positive CD30 test result is an indication of possible BIA-ALCL, and further testing will be needed to confirm the diagnosis.
Effective Treatment Options for BIA-ALCL
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare type of cancer that can develop after receiving breast implants. Fortunately, there are several treatment options available for BIA-ALCL that have shown to be effective in providing a positive prognosis for patients.
Testing and Staging
Before starting treatment for BIA-ALCL, it is important to undergo proper testing and staging by an oncologist. This will help determine the extent of the cancer and allow for the development of an appropriate treatment plan.
Surgical Treatment
Surgery has been the most effective and commonly used treatment for BIA-ALCL. An experienced breast surgeon can perform En-bloc or complete capsulectomy excision to remove the old implant and surrounding fibrous tissue capsule. The surgeon may also remove any affected lymph nodes if necessary. This surgery has been shown to be highly effective in treating BIA-ALCL.
Additional Treatment Options
In rare cases where surgery alone is not enough, other treatment options may be recommended. Chemotherapy may be used to destroy cancer cells with medication. Radiotherapy is also an option that may be used in addition to surgery. Stem cell transplant is still being investigated as a possible treatment option.
Reconstruction Options
Since the surgery to remove the implant and surrounding tissue is more extensive than a regular implant removal surgery, it is best performed by an experienced breast surgeon at Centre for Surgery. After the treatment of BIA-ALCL, breast reconstruction using new implants or a breast lift can be done in most cases.
Breast Surgery at Centre for Surgery
Centre for Surgery is a leading cosmetic surgery clinic in London, UK, with a team of highly skilled and experienced surgeons specialising in a wide range of cosmetic and reconstructive surgeries. Among our areas of expertise is breast surgery, including breast augmentation, breast reduction, breast lift, and breast reconstruction.
At Centre for Surgery, we understand that every patient is unique and has different needs and goals. That’s why we take a personalized approach to each case, providing our patients with comprehensive consultations to determine the most suitable surgical plan for them.
Our breast surgery experts use the latest techniques and technologies to ensure the best possible outcomes for our patients. We also prioritise patient safety and comfort, and our state-of-the-art facilities are designed with patient comfort in mind.
Our team of surgeons is highly respected in the field of breast surgery and is committed to ongoing education and training to ensure that they are up-to-date with the latest developments in the field. Our goal is to provide our patients with the highest standard of care and the best possible results.
If you are considering breast surgery, we encourage you to schedule a consultation with one of our experts at Centre for Surgery to discuss your options and determine the best course of action for you.
